Sociological Perspectives On The Sociological Perspective

The Sociological Perspective is a behavior that connects one with society. As written in the textbook Society the Basics, sociological perspective is also defined as â€Å"seeing the general in the particular† (Berger, 1963). A major part of being a sociologist is finding patterns in everyday life. As an ordinary person, finding patterns is almost a natural instinct. Every individual falls into a category, whether how unique they claim to be. Individuals can be categorized by race, class, sexual orientation, and many others. Due to the inequality that is very apparent in our society, the â€Å"sociological perspective helps us see opportunities and constraints† not only in our own lives, but in the lives of other’s around us (Macionis, 7). Recognizing that there are issues far worse, or much different than our own is a large part of global perspective. Global perspective is proof of how interconnected the world truly is because people are starting to recognize th e world as a whole, and studying how one’s society fits into the big picture. Seeing the world in a larger context will help individuals understand how what happens in other countries will eventually affect the United States because of the increasing interconnectedness of the world. Applying the sociological perspective to an individual’s own life, it will eventually lead to expansion of understanding and awareness of what happens in not only our society, but in the world around us. One important sociologist that very muchShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Perspective1326 Words   |  5 PagesIn chapter one of our book it is talking about the sociological perspective. Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society. It is explained that sociological perspective is seeing the common in the specific. Sociologists look for common patterns in the behavior of certain people. I found it very interesting in chapter one where it states that higher class white men are more likely to commit suicide than any other population and that between genders; men are more likely to commitRead MoreSociological Perspective2037 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society. At the heart of sociology is a distinctive point of view called the sociological perspective. Sociologists look for general social patterns in the behavior of individuals as they relate to a group and how the group and social structures affect our individual perception and behavior. Human behavior is patterned, and repetitive. We can predict with reasonable reliability what each of us will do generally under given conditionsRead MoreSociological Perspective : The Sociological Imagination972 Words   |  4 Pagesourselves in, the values we have and the behaviours of the people around us. These decisions and actions in turn have an effect or impact on the society. In this essay, I will explain the â€Å"sociological imagination† according to Mills, his distinction between personal troubles and public issues and analyse sociological imagination in my biography by showing how my dream of attending university is made a reality as a result of social or historic forces. C. Wright Mills, a sociologist in 1959 showedRead MoreA Sociological Perspective On Homelessness1587 Words   |  7 Pages1,243 are unsheltered. Through a sociological perspective, the social problems of homelessness can be analyzed through the concept of sociological imagination, the comparison of the person-blame approach and the system-blame approach, and through the analysis of one’s own community’s effort in helping those who are homeless. Firstly, C. Wright Mills’ concept of sociological imagination is â€Å"stimulated by a willingness to view the social worlds from the perspective of others† (Eitzen, Zinn, SmithRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sociological Perspective Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior. Human behavior and each respective society that is studied can be evaluated and governed by the scientific method to produce reliable results. The inquiries into these subjects are derived by the inspirations of sociological perspectives. Each stratifying field of Sociology finds an anchor in the relationships between these pieces in the human context in which they are found. Navigating the water inRead MoreSociological Perspective Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to construct an essay and define the sociological perspective. To be able to explain how my knowledge of the Sociological Perspective has helped me to understand the social world on both a macro and micro level. This essay will include the definition, discussion and application of specific sociological terms, concepts and theories. The study of sociology brings people to view topics in a unique way than others. The way we see the world, human behavior, as well as itsRead MoreSociological Perspectives of Shrek966 Words   |  4 PagesSociological Perspectives in Shrek 1. In the film, Lord Farquaad is the antithesis of what a valiant prince/knight-in-shining armor is expected to look like. Instead of a Prince Charming, who would stereotypically be young, tall, and good-looking, Lord Farquaad is old(er), short, and although he has a strong jawline, which would be associated with rugged good looks, he comes off as sleazy and villainous. 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The four sociological perspectives, structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and social exchange theory, all credit different reasons for one team being able to achieve this goal more often than another team. Nevertheless, any of the sociological perspectives you view the sport from, football is a very complex entity. Football is more than just a group of men pounding oneRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective Conflict Perspective Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Functional Perspective Conflict perspective Symbolic interaction perspective Classical Sociology Auguste Comte- French Philosopher Founder of the discipline of Sociology Karl Marx- German Philosopher Was inspired by Hegelian Idea

The American Drug Culture - 2879 Words

Introduction - Use of psychoactive substances for recreational purposes is not a radically new social issue. In fact, history tells us that almost every society had their own pharmacopeia of herbs, potions, and substances that not only contributed to healing, but also allowed the user to escape reality (Schules 1992, 4-5). However, it is the contemporary use of psychoactive drugs purchased through illicit or illegal channels and used by persons neither prescribed nor in quantities larger than necessary that defines modern drug abuse (Robins 2006). Prior to World War I, substances like morphine, heroin, and cocaine were available in the major American cities, particularly those with active international ports. For instance, when Chinese immigrants were first imported to work in the mines and railroads during the early 1800s, they brought opium to America. It was the leisure class, who began to experiment with this drug, and, as in Europe, many major U.S. cities had so-called opium den s. In addition, there were a substantial number of society women who ended up addicted because their doctor prescribed this drug to deal with female histrionics or to cure an excessive sexual appetite (Johnson 2002). Within major cities, this problem began to spill over into other groups: prostitutes, child laborers, orphans, and even men and women of lower social classes seeking to escape the harshness of their lives (Courtwright 2002, 3-19). Between the widespread use and generalShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs By Richard Nixon1684 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"War on Drugs† is a term which was popularized by Richard Nixon after his declaration that drug abuse is the first problem to solve. So this term means an American campaign of prohibition of drugs, military aid and military intervention, and other actions to stop the illegal drug trades. Every country has its own methods on fighting drug abuse. Cultural practices and systems have an impact on this part of societyâ€℠¢s life. The War on Drugs has contributed the cross cultural differences to the modernRead MoreFear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Thomson730 Words   |  3 Pagestrying to achieve something. In Hunter S. Thompson’s novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Duke and Gonzo take a road trip to Vegas. Drugs and alcohol were prominent in the main characters’ journey and the substances were used to show Duke and Gonzo escape from life, their path to find the American Dream and to bring out the truth of the drug culture in America. Drugs and alcohol can be used as a depressant or as a stimuli but one thing is certain is that they help forget who you are and what youRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthat involves several different factors including biological, psychological and sociological aspects. 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The Annotated Bibliography .

Question: Explain ,The Annotated Bibliography ? Answer : A systematic review of Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) summarised the effective interventions to enhance regular uptake of medications in patients with heart failure. Most of the included studies were done in the USA. Few studies from UK were also included. The abstracts and papers in English were searched through Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE. There were no date restrictions with search up to December 2010.Findings showed that regular uptake of medications in patients with a history of heart failure could be improved by using range of interventions including telemonitoring programmes, behavioural interventions, simplification of drug regime and other multidisciplinary interventions. Although some of the included trials contravened these results also. Six studies used direct patient contact intervention and all of them showed significant effect on adherence. The author was unable to conclude any effective interventi on to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure; which is also a limitation of the study. Another limitation is the inability to pool results of studies as they all used different interventions. Also the long-term effect of these interventions could not be assessed. Thus the study provides limited evidence regarding effective interventions to enhance regular uptake of medications in heart-failure patients. A systematic review of Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the effects of giving dietary advice to reduce cardiovascular risk. Fourty four trials were included in the study, out of which 29 were based on US populations. The search databases included Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, HTA database on the Cochrane Library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), EMBASE (Ovid) (1980 to October 2010), MEDLINE (Ovid) (1950 to October 2010), CAB Health (1972 to December 1999), CVRCT registry (2000), CCT (2000), and SIGLE (1980 to 2000). The results indicated that dietary advice lowered total serum cholesterol by nearly 0.15 mmol/L, and LDL cholesterol by almost 0.16 mmol/L, after 3 to 24 months of follow-up. The author concluded that dietary advice could be effective in bringing positive changes in the diet and thus decreasing cardiovascular risk over a period of one year. The limitation of the study was that long-term effects of dietary advice i.e. after one year, could not be known. A systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the effects of exercise interventions on cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure. The following mentioned databases were used for search from January 2008 to January 2013: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. The study included 33 trials with a study population of 4740 and most of them were based in USA. Results showed improvements in health, and declines in the risk of hospitalisation, in the exercise interventions groups as related with controls regardless of the type of exercise. But there was no noteworthy difference in the combined all-cause mortality between the two groups. Thus author established that exercise-based interpolations increase the health-related quality of life of heart patients. The constraint of the review was that in most of the trials patients were on medications and it was difficult to look for stand-alone effect of exercise -based interventions on heart-patients. The nursing-care is a holistic concept that goes beyond medical care. Thus here it becomes important to understand that, there are age- associated alterations in the body organizations; which have repercussions on quality of life and welfare (Hanson et al., 2016). The age-related deviations are unavoidable but the accompanying risk factors may have undesirable functional consequences and thus need intercessions (Hunter 2012). In the given case-study, Charlie is an elderly overweight man diagnosed with chronic heart failure. Thus along with adherence to medication; there is a need for right diet and exercise-based rehabilitation. The evidence has shown that after a heart failure, ability of patients to care themselves decline and also higher levels of depression sets-in which further affects their quality of life (Lee et. al., 2015). Thus intervention by a nurse or nursing care becomes critically important in such patients (Urden, Stacy, Lough, 2017). It becomes imperative to search the available evidence to priorities the nursing interventions. I chose the above mentioned three studies because the interventions studied in these three studies are most important to provide nursing care in the given case. The evidence has also shown that maintenance of appropriate diet and physical activity helps maintain good health in elderly and these healthy behaviours could be enhanced by telephone-delivered interventions along with frequent direct contact to patient (John, Hartmann-Boyce, Jebb, Aveyard, 2014). There was a need to look for interventions that can be included in the nursing care to help patient with his diet, exercise and medications. There is a relationship between adherence to medication in cardiac patients; and their long-term morbidity and mortality (Lambert-Kerzner, Del-Giacco, Fahdi, 2012). Thus I chose study by Molloy et al to look for interventions that could increase the adherence to medications in case of Charlie. Further the strength of the selected study was to summarise the results in an unbiased manner. I could infer from the study that, although there are many interventions suggested in literature to help patient adhere to medications; the best intervention could be direct contact with patient. Inability to maintain proper diet is a risk factor in old age; which may lead to metabolic abnormalities and lowered immunity and could further complicate the present conditions of Charlie (Jankovic, 2014; Clegg, Young, Iliffe, Rikkert, Rockwood, 2013). Thus I chose the study by Rees et. al. to know whether dietary advice could have a beneficial effect in this case. Further the strength of the systematic review was that the study results were pooled and statistically analysed which increased the validity of the review. I learned from the study that dietary advice help patient adhere to an appropriate diet and thus reduce cardiovascular risks. The studies have shown benefits of exercise in frail elderly, which improve their cognition and quality of life (Francis, et. al. 2013). Thus I selected study by Sagar et. al. to look for the effects of exercise on heart-failure patients. The strength of the systematic review was, that a meta-analysis of all selected studies was done, and that limitations of the study were also clearly stated. I learned from the study that exercise-based interventions reduce the risk of hospitalisation in a cardiac patient. Further I selected these three studies, as all of them are systematic reviews which have a special place in medical sciences for evidence generation (Gough, Oliver, Thomas, 2012). Systematic reviews help researchers maintain a high rigour in research (ibid). The references seleted in annotated bibliography add a lot to clinical practice to manage the condition presented in the case study. Charlie feels breathless, has visible peripheral oedema, tachycardia and a history of chronic heart failure as a result of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension. He must be on medications as suggested by Cardiologist and a General Physician. As a nurse it becomes important to go beyond clinical judgement, towards promoting overall health and well-being of Charlie. First of all, it is important that patient adhere to pharmacotherapy. As suggested in first annotation, direct contact with patient is important to remind him about his medication. As Charlie is also overweight, it becomes imperative to manage his weight and diet. There is a need to consult dietician for an effective dietary advice and as a nurse, the care also include management of dietary intake of Charlie. There is also a need that Charlie do a little physical exercise, after consulting his physiotherapist as well as cardiologist, and as a nurse the care should ensure exercise-based rehabilitation of Charlie. Recommendations Nurse has an opportunity to be with patients and keep a constant vigilance. Nurse develops a therapeutic relationship with the patients over a period of time. Thus a nurse must have the talent of clinical reasoning which is much more than plain clinical judgement (Levett- Jones et al, 2010). It is vital to add life to the ages of patients rather than only adding ages to their lifespan. The nursing plays a very important part in supporting wellness in patients. The healthcare provided by a nurse goes further than mere normalising physiological parameters. It extends to the surrounding atmosphere of the patients and how it touches the life of a person as a whole i.e. his physiological form, cognizance and inner-self (Hunter, 2012). Nursing interventions should result in wellness outcomes that help patients live functional lives. For example, in this particular case, whole medical team is there to regulate physiological parameters such as blood cholesterol and prevent an episode of hear t attack; but role of a nurse is a step ahead i.e. to control obesity in patient, to help him adhere to medications, to help him eat an appropriate diet, and help him do a little exercise, to lead a functional life. If a nurse is unable to ponder on these aspects of patient, it may result in cognitive failure on her part and thus worse clinical outcomes. Thus it is very important for a nurse to consider the patient as a whole including his physical, social and cultural environment; and everything that affects his day to day life. To conclude, nursing care should be a comprehensive care. References Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe S., Rikkert, M. O., Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet, 381(9868), 752-762. Francis, L., Thien, T. M. V., Kathleen, C., Gilles, D., Marie-Jeanne, K., Louis, B. (2013). Benefits of Physical Exercise Training on Cognition and Quality of Life in Frail Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 68 (3), 400-404. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs069 Gough,D.,Oliver,S.,andThomas,J. (2012). Movingforward.In:D.Gough,S.Oliver,andJ. Thomas, eds. Introduction to systematic reviews. London: Sage. Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., Aihie Sayer, A., Eendebak, R. J., Clough, G. F. and Beard, J. R. (2016). Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing. J Physiol, 594, 21472160. doi:10.1113/JP270579 Hunter, S. (Ed). (2012). Millers nursing for wellness in older adults. Sydney: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Jankovic, N., Geelen, A., Streppel, M. T., Groot, L. C., Orfanos, P., Van- den- Hooven, E. H., Pikhart, H., Boffetta, P., Trichopoulou, A., Bobak, M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Kee, F., Franco, O. H., Park, Y., Hallmans, G., Tjnneland, A., May, A. M., Pajak, A., Malyutina, S., Kubinova, R., Amiano, P., Kampman, E., Feskens, E. J. (2014). Adherence to a Healthy Diet According to the World Health Organization Guidelines and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Adults From Europe and the United States. Am J Epidemiol, 180 (10), 978-988. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu229 John, D. J., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Jebb, S. A., Aveyard, P. (2014). Diet or Exercise Interventions vs Combined Behavioral Weight Management Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Comparisons. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietics, 114(10), 1557-1568. Lambert-Kerzner, A., Del Giacco, E. J., Fahdi, I. E. (2012). Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Cardiac Medication Adherence and Secondary Prevention Measures (Medication) Study Investigators. Patient-centered adherence intervention after acute coronary syndrome hospitalization. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 5(4), 571-576. Lee, C, S., Mudd, J, O., Hiatt, S, O., Gelow, J, M., Chien, C., Riegel, B. (2015). Trajectories of heart failure self-care management and changes in quality of life. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 14(6), 486-94. doi: 10.1177/1474515114541730. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013). Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. Molloy, G., O'Carroll, R., Witham, M., McMurdo, M., (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: a systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 5(1), 126-133. Rees, K., Dyakova, M.,Wilson, N., Ward, K., Thorogood, M., Brunner, E. (2013). Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD002128. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002128.pub5. Sagar, V., Davies, E., Briscoe, S., Coates, A., Dalal, H., Lough, F. Taylor, R. (2015). Exercise based rehabilitation for heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart, 2 : e000163. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014- 000163. Urden, L. D., Stacy, K. M., Lough, M. E. (2017). Critical care nursing: diagnosis and management. Elsevier Health Sciences.